The Paris Peace Conference, subsequent to the WW1 era was held in 1919 in order to form restrictions upon the defeated countries of the Central Power; these of which included Germany, The Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria, Austria, Hungary and Russia and these countries are those which the treaty illuminate their focus upon. The actions taken during the treaties caused countries to develop borders, and create new countries which effectively altered the geographical status of the maps during the time. Whilst Germany's economy, political background and society were being quickly demolished, the allied countries which were dependent on eachother were protected from further attack. Clearly both failures and successes arose from the peace convention, affecting countries and their populations in different ways, but also morphing Europe into it's daily position.
It is believable and debatable whether Austria-Hungary generated the global chaos of WW1, however the Treaty of Versailles still placed the blame upon Germany, since as a country they were declining. The conference was run by the “Great Powers' being France led by George Clemenceau, Britain and their Prime Minister David Lloyd George and the United States, led by General Woodrow Wilson, a strong supporter of self-determination in a country. Smaller treaties which derived from the Treaty of Versailles claimed that the country which stirred up the war to form it's birth were responsible for recompensation towards damages; must reduce it's territory and military as well as end alliances which countries, especially those of the Great Powers, may be threatened by. The decisions which were made at the time either assisted the situation, or assisted it to deteriorate.
The first treaty which became associated first after deciding about the German Empire was The Treaty of Saint-Germain, which affected Austria and created their new Republic. However, they were still obliged to maintain their German-speak territories in Hapsburg, but still avoid any possibly unification with Germany. Yet, over time, Austria had to distribute land so countries such as Italy and caused Austria to shrink as a state, where German was the only recognizable language. Once a powerful country, it was now slowly degenerating – their military was weak, their economy was restricted and their allied army between Austria-Hungary was allocated to Allied Powers. By deriving a country of their military, their economy is almost immediately affected, causing a chain reaction.
One other impacting treaty was the Treaty of Trianon, held in June of 1920. It mainly concerned Hungary after their separation with their former allies, Austria, which was apparently a compulsory act since as a bonded country they were a large threat. Since during war time Austria-Hungary were sided with Germany, they also had to pay in compensation for damages caused, specifically to Italy. As a country, Hungary's Empire had then lost all their rights to self-determination, leading to the country so be divided and Hungary lost 72% of their original territory. With their decreased borders and loss of ports, there was much less produce occurring in the country, which eventually led to a great dip in money, known as the recession. As well as loss in economy, their military was reduced to 35, 000 which affected the populations pride toward their country. The greatest lost that came from this treaty was the claim that affected their society's citizens – if they were outside Hungarian borders, they would effectively lose their citizenship in Hungary.
The Treaty of Sevres, much similar to that of Trianon in the sense of limitations placed, addressed the Ottoman Empire and was held on the 20th of August in 1920. The Empire was deconstructed, and territories were given and shared amongst Allies. A new independent state was formed, known as The New Republic of Turkey, which limited their army as they were removed from Europe and much of their land was lost. The Ottoman Empire was broken down because it posed a large threat so other suffering countries, including France who were in favor of their protection.
As an attempt to better the conditions throughout Europe and Nations, the Paris Peace Conference was held but the results, however, were indifferent to what would have been originally expected by the Great Powers, who evidently had control over the conference and the actions taken. Countries and their nations were extremely antagonized due to their lost lands and borders, and for some the fact that they had to pay vast amounts in order to reconstruct the havoc which may have demolished the countries which they have attacked. Although one of the main powers which a majority of countries were longing to be sided with, the United States, were extremely pro self-determination, many countries were losing their human rights, driving citizens to leave, change their nationalities and eventually side with the Nazi party during the second World War. Some restraints which originated from the treaties were cruel, but the main advantage of this substantial treaty was the logical restrictions placed upon the militaries which certainly yet temporarily prevented war or disputes from occurring which was surely required in Europe at the time.
